What is the purpose of hand hygiene in infection prevention, and what is the recommended technique?

• A. To reduce transmission of pathogens; wash with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use an alcohol-based hand rub.
• B. To moisturize the skin and avoid dryness.
• C. To remove gloves after patient contact.
• D. To sterilize instruments.

Answer: (A)

Hand hygiene primarily prevents the spread of pathogens during patient care. When hands are visibly dirty or potentially contaminated, you should wash with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, scrub all surfaces (including between fingers and under nails), rinse, and dry with a disposable towel. If hands aren’t visibly soiled, an alcohol-based hand rub is preferred; rub all hand surfaces together until dry, covering palms, backs of hands, between fingers, and fingertips—usually about 20–30 seconds. This routine is the main way to reduce transmission of infections to patients and staff, with soap and water needed for dirt or spores and alcohol rub offering a quick, effective alternative when hands are clean.